Lumbar puncture is useful if intracranial infection is suspected. Magnetic resonance imaging with an epilepsy protocol and electroencephalography should be performed as soon as practical. After confirming a probable seizure, evaluation focuses on identifying provoking factors such as tumor, metabolic derangement, infectious disease, stroke, traumatic brain injury, medications, or substance misuse. Acute symptomatic (provoked) seizures recur less often, especially when provoking factors are addressed. One-third of people have a recurrent seizure within one year of an initial unprovoked seizure. Up to 10% of adults have a seizure during their lifetime, with increasing incidence in people older than 55 years. Seizures are transient signs and symptoms of abnormal, excessive, or synchronous neuronal activity in the brain.
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